Escape From A Dollhouse essays

Escape From A Dollhouse essays We have all felt the need to be alone or to venture to places that our minds have only imagined. However, we as individuals have always found ourselves clutching to our responsibilities and obligations, to either our jobs or our friends and family. The lingering feeling of leaving something behind or of promises that have been unfulfilled is a pain that keeps us from escaping. People worldwide have yearned for a need to leave a situation or seek spiritual fulfillment elsewhere. The need for ones freedom and their responsibility to others can make or break a person. Henrik Isbens inspirational characters of Nora Helmer, Kristine Linde, and Nils Krogstad have all had to suffer for their right to be individuals and to be accountable for their actions. A woman of the tough Victorian period, Nora Helmer was both a prisoner of her time as well as a pioneer. In her society women were viewed as an inferior species and were not even considered real human beings in the eyes of the law. Nora and other women soon discovered that it was a mans world and they were just not allowed to participate in it. Women of that era though, were allowed to stay at home and adhere to their tired, overworked spouses needs, not to mention their constant obligation to their children. Women in those days were only allowed to work solely at home or to have minor jobs such as maids or dressmakers. Nora was a free spirit just waiting to be freed; her husband Torvald would constantly disallow the slightest pleasures that she aspired to have, such as macaroons. Nora lived a life of lies in order to hold her marriage together. She kept herself pleased with little things such as telling Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde; I have such a huge desire to say-to hell and be damned! (Isben 59) Just so she could release some tension that was probably building inside her due to all the restrictions that Torvald had set up, such as forbiddi...

A Profile of King Edward III of England

A Profile of King Edward III of England Edward III, King of England and Lord of Ireland, ruled from 1327 until his death in 1377. Crowned at age fourteen, he assumed his personal rule three years later and earned early fame for his defeat of the Scots at Halidon Hill in 1333. Edward claimed the crown of France in 1337 effectively starting the Hundred Years War. During the conflicts early campaigns, he led English forces to victory at Sluys and Crà ©cy, while his son, Edward the Black Prince, earned a triumph at Poitiers. These successes allowed Edward to conclude the favorable Treaty of Brà ©tigny in 1360. His reign was also marked by the arrival of the Black Death (bubonic plague) in England and the evolution of Parliament. Early Life Edward III was born at Windsor on November 13, 1312 and was the grandson of the great warrior Edward I. The son of ineffective Edward II and his wife Isabella, the young prince was quickly made Earl of Chester to aid in shoring up his fathers weak position on the throne. On January 20, 1327, Edward II was deposed by Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer and replaced by the fourteen-year old Edward III on February 1. Installing themselves as regents for the young king, Isabella and Mortimer effectively controlled England. During this time, Edward was routinely disrespected and treated poorly by Mortimer. Ascending to the Throne A year later, on January 24, 1328, Edward married Philippa of Hainault at York Minister. A close couple, she bore him fourteen children during their forty-one year marriage. The first of these, Edward the Black Prince was born on June 15, 1330. As Edward matured, Mortimer worked to abuse his post through the acquisition of titles and estates. Determined to assert his power, Edward had Mortimer and his mother seized at Nottingham Castle on October 19, 1330. Condemning Mortimer to death for assuming royal authority, he exiled his mother to Castle Rising in Norfolk. Looking North In 1333, Edward elected to renew the military conflict with Scotland and repudiated the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton which had been concluded during his regency. Backing the claim of the claim of Edward Balliol to the Scottish throne, Edward advanced north with an army and defeated the Scots at the Battle of Halidon Hill on July 19. Asserting control over the southern counties of Scotland, Edward departed and left the conflict in the hands of his nobles. Over the next few years, their control slowly eroded as the forces of young Scottish King David II reclaimed the lost territory. Fast Facts: Edward III Nation: EnglandBorn: November 13, 1312 at Windsor CastleCoronation: February 1, 1327Died: June 21, 1377 at Sheen Palace, RichmondPredecessor: Edward II Successor: Richard IISpouse: Philippa of HainaultIssue: Edward the Black Prince, Isabella, Joan, Lionel, John of Gaunt, Edmund, Mary, Margaret, ThomasConflicts: Hundred Years WarKnown For: Battle of Halidon Hill, Battle of Sluys, Battle of Crà ©cy The Hundred Years War While war festered in the north, Edward was increasingly angered by the actions of France who supported the Scots and had been raiding the English coast. While the people of England began to fear a French invasion, the King of France, Philip VI, captured some of Edwards French lands including the duchy of Aquitaine and the county of Ponthieu. Rather than pay homage to Philip, Edward elected to assert his claim to the French crown as the only living male descendent of his deceased maternal grandfather, Philip IV. Invoking Salic law which banned succession along female lines, the French flatly rejected Edwards claim. Going to war with France in 1337, Edward initially limited his efforts to alliance building with various European princes and encouraging them to attack France. Key among these relationships was a friendship with the Holy Roman Emperor, Louis IV. While these efforts produced few results on the battlefield, Edward did win a critical naval victory at the Battle of Sluys on June 24, 1340. The triumph effectively gave England command of the Channel for much of the ensuing conflict. While Edward endeavored with his military operations, severe fiscal pressure began to mount on the government. Returning home in late 1340, he found the affairs of the realm in disarray and began a purge of the governments administrators. At Parliament the next year, Edward was compelled to accept financial limitations on his actions. Recognizing the need to placate Parliament, he agreed to their terms, however quickly began to override them later that year. After a few years of inconclusive fighting, Edward embarked for Normandy in 1346 with a large invasion force. Sacking Caen, they moved across northern France and inflicted a decisive defeat on Philip at the Battle of Crà ©cy. Edward III counting the dead at Crecy. Public Domain In the fighting, the superiority of the English longbow was demonstrated as Edwards archers cut down the flower of the French nobility. At the battle, Philip lost around 13,000-14,000 men, while Edward suffered only 100-300. Among those who proved themselves at Crà ©cy was the Black Prince who became one of his fathers most trusted field commanders. Moving north, Edwards successfully concluded the siege of Calais in August 1347. Recognized as a powerful leader, Edward was approached that November to run for Holy Roman Emperor following the death of Louis. Though he considered the request, he ultimately declined. The Black Death In 1348, the Black Death (bubonic plague) struck England killing nearly a third of the nations population. Halting military campaigning, the plague led to manpower shortages and dramatic inflation in labor costs. In an attempt to halt this, Edward and Parliament passed the Ordinance of Labourers (1349) and the Statute of Labourers (1351) to fix wages at pre-plague levels and restrict the movement of the peasantry. As England emerged from the plague, fighting resumed. On September 19, 1356, the Black Prince won a dramatic victory at the Battle Poitiers and captured King John II of France. King Edward III grants Aquitaine to his son Edward, the Black Prince. Public Domain Peace With France effectively operating without a central government, Edward sought to end the conflict with campaigns in 1359. These proved ineffective and the following year, Edward concluded the Treaty of Bretigny. By the terms of the treaty, Edward renounced his claim on the French throne in exchange for full sovereignty over his captured lands in France. Preferring the action of military campaigning to doldrums of daily governance, Edwards final years on the throne were marked by a lack of vigor as he passed much of the routine of government to his ministers. While England remained at peace with France, the seeds for renewing the conflict were sown when John II died in captivity in 1364. Ascending the throne, the new king, Charles V, worked to rebuild French forces and began open warfare in 1369. At age fifty-seven, Edward elected to dispatch one of his younger sons, John of Gaunt, to deal with the threat. In the ensuing fighting, Johns efforts proved largely ineffective. Concluding the Treaty of Bruges in 1375, English possessions in France were reduced to Calais, Bordeaux, and Bayonne. Later Reign This period was also marked by the death of Queen Philippa who succumbed to a dropsy-like illness at Windsor Castle on August 15, 1369. In the final months of her life, Edward began a controversial affair with Alice Perrers. Military defeats on the Continent and the financial costs of campaigning came to a head in 1376 when Parliament was convened to approve additional taxation. With both Edward and the Black Prince battling illness, John of Gaunt was effectively overseeing the government. Dubbed the Good Parliament, the House of Commons used the opportunity to express a long list of grievances which led to the removal of several of Edwards advisors. In addition, Alice Perrers was banished from court as it was believed she wielded too much influence over the aged king. The royal situation was further weakened in June when the Black Prince died. While Gaunt was compelled to give into Parliaments demands, his fathers condition worsened. In September 1376, he developed a large abscess. Though he briefly improved during the winter of 1377, Edward III finally died of a stroke on June 21, 1377. As the Black Prince had died, the throne passed to Edwards grandson, Richard II, who was only ten. Renowned as one of Englands great warrior kings, Edward III was buried at Westminster Abbey. Beloved by his people, Edward is also credited for founding the knightly Order of the Garter in 1348. A contemporary of Edwards, Jean Froissart, wrote that His like had not been seen since the days of King Arthur.

Feminism and the women in black movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Feminism and the women in black movement - Essay Example To fortify cohesion among women who have been alienated by guns and borders is a strong political aim and they intensely declare, "We are the group of women who stand in silence and black every week to express our disapproval against war. We have decided to see what is the women's side of this war. Women wear black in our countries to show the grief for death of the loved ones. We wear black for the death of all the victims of war. We wear black because the people have been thrown out of their homes, because women have been raped, because cities and villages have been burned and destroyed" (Women In Black, 1992, p. 50). Brief History & Description In contrast to most feminist groups, WIB clusters do not have decision-making bodies, elected officers or branches. One year after the start of the Palestinian Intifada, WIB was instigated by Israeli women going up against the Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza in 1988. Expanding rapidly during the Gulf War and Yugoslav wars in the 1990s, there are probably 300 WIB clusters in possibly 30 countries all over the world. A salient feature of these groups is the practice of holding vigils which entail the women to wear black and stand at regular times and intervals in public places (Cockburn, 2005). Though WIB was in the beginning committed to obtaining peace in the Middle East, other groups almost immediately remonstrated against tyranny in the Balkans and India. For these activists, their status as women provided them extraordinary power and influence when it comes to insisting for peace. At present, the Women in Black in Israel persist on their peaceful and diplomatic resistance to the occupation in partnership with the Coalition of Women for a Just Peace. These groups have been protesting against the shutting down of several Palestinian cities, contending that the barricades preclude students from attending school and pregnant women from getting into healthcare centers and or having access to healthcare services. The group likewise calls for the full participation of women in peace negotiations (Foreign Policy, 2001, p.43). During their very first public statement in Belgrade, the activists characterized themselves as an anti-nationalist, anti-militarist, feminist, pacifist group who opposes the diminution of women to the role of just mothers. "The work of women in peace groups is presupposed, it is invisible, trying, women's work; it's a part of 'our' role; to care for others, to comfort, aid, tend wounds, and feed. The painful realization that the peace movement would to some extent also follow a patriarchal model caused a serious dilemma for feminist-pacifists. We wanted our presence to be VISIBLE, not to be seen as something 'natural,' as part of a woman's role. We wanted it to be clearly understood that what we were doing was our political choice, a radical criticism of the patriarchal, militarist regime and a non-violent act of resistance to policies that destroy cities, kill people, and annihilate human relations" (Women In Black 1993, 23a). In 1997, the WIB backed up and participated in the grassroots democracy movement in Serbia. The scenario looked more hopeful for the very first time in several years. However, Slobodan Miloevic was not about to be outmaneuvered of power by democracy. He rejected to acknowledge the outcomes of the election and later on seized power again. When

Just answer a question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer a question - Essay Example Secondly, secondary pollutants that from the combination of several gases in the atmosphere to form compounds. To test this hypothesis, researchers need to delve into the history and collect information with industrialization as the focus. Undeniably, industrialization has contributed to air pollution through various ways. This research is not observatory in nature but involves the researcher’s opinion supported by other researchers who have participated in the same research before. For instance, compared to the past decade, statistics reveal a rise in growth in industrialization (â€Å"World resources Institute,† n.d). Therefore, a researcher has to check all developments that go with increased industrialization. There is increased use of energy to process and increased use of automobiles to carry processed products. This means that researchers have to evaluate the type of energy used by industries and their effects on air. Additionally, the researcher will evaluate the effects automobiles have in the atmosphere. For example, automobile in America life and society offers infor mation on the effects automobiles have to the environment in the history of America. Finally, the researcher will make a conclusion based on the management of industrial emissions to support

Battle of Issus Essay Example for Free

Battle of Issus Essay The Battle of Issus Sometime around 310 BCE an artist by the name of Philoxenus of Eretria created a mosaic (creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored material) of the Battle of Issus that has long been considered one of the greatest artworks of antiquity. Found at the House of the Faun in Pompeii in 1831 the mosaic is composed of about one and a half million tiny individual colored tiles called tesserae. The artwork illustrates the battle in which invading troops led by Alexander of Macedonia defeated the army led by King Darius III of Persia. When looking at the piece the viewer cannot help but be impressed by the psychological intensity of the drama taking place. On the Persian side of the piece the viewer’s eye is immediately drawn to the prominent figure of Darius shown in his chariot. A look of pure desperation, and perhaps even fear, is etched in Darius’ face as victory slips through his hands. As his steely eyed charioteer turns to rein his horses for a fast retreat to safety Darius stretches out his hand toward Alexander either in disbelief that Alexander has beaten him, or perhaps in grief over the death of one of his â€Å"immortals†. Around him are his Persian soldiers who mill in confusion in the background, their faces filled with fear and determination. On the same side, there are two other figures that are quite notable and demonstrate the artist’s technical mastery. The first is the artist’s depiction of the rearing horse right below Darius which is seen in a three-quarter rear view. The rider, his terror evident upon his face, glances back at the battle as he attempts to control his horse. This kind of depiction is very impressive and is much more accomplished then other similar attempts such as the shading in the Pella mosaic or the Vergina mural (Kleiner 142). The second, perhaps even more impressive, is the artist’s portrayal of the Persian in the foreground who has fallen onto the ground and raises a small shield in a pathetic attempt to prevent being trampled. The man’s terrified face is reflected on the polished surface of the shield moments before the chariot crushes him under its ornate wheels. On the Macedonian side of things the viewer’s eye is of course drawn to Alexander. This portrait of Alexander is one of his most famous. His breastplate depicts Medusa the Gorgon. He leads the charge into battle on his horse Bucephalus, without even a helmet to protect him, and maintains an aura of unshaken confidence in direct contrast to Darius. As Alexander surges forward in a supreme effort he drives his spear straight through one of Darius’s trusted â€Å"immortals† who puts himself between him and the King of Persia. As the impaled Persian collapses to the ground, Alexander fixes his gaze upon Darius in utter hatred. Although the deteriorated condition of the mosaic makes it difficult to distinguish much on the Macedonian side a cavalryman wearing a Boeotian helmet with a golden wreath can been seen behind Alexander. Looking at the mosaic as a whole there are a few important details that grab ones attention. First is the fact that the landscape is very minimal, only one gnarled tree trunk appearing in the background and a few discarded weapons and rocks in the foreground. Secondly, everywhere in the scene men, animals, and weapons cast shadows on the ground. This unusual attention to detail is what enhances the intensity of the piece and gives it an aspect of realism that truly shows the horror and confusion of battle. The viewer cannot help but be drawn into the conflict and become a part of the drama as it unfolds. To me this mosaic is not only a truly great piece of art but also has furthered my understanding of Roman artwork, Macedonian warfare and the emotion in Hellenistic-styled mosaics. It is easy to understand how Roman author and natural philosopher Pliny the Elder concluded that Philoxenus’ depiction of the Battle of Issus was â€Å"inferior to none† (Kleiner 142).

Woodchucks Poem Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Eliminating the Pest† In the poem â€Å"Woodchucks† by Maxine Kumin, the speaker is in her garden and is annoyed with some woodchucks that are eating and destroying the produce in the garden. The speaker in turn tries to remove the woodchucks by using humane gas to kill them and when that is unsuccessful, she resorts to more violent means. This poem uses the annoying woodchucks to signify the Jewish people during the Holocaust by the Nazi Party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stanza of the poem, the speaker clearly identifies that some woodchucks are annoying her. To solve this problem, the speaker uses gas as a way to eliminate the pests quickly and painlessly much like the Nazis tried to eradicate the Jews from their presence. Gassing the woodchucks is an easy way to remove the pests because using gas does not involve looking at the victims as they are put to death. This is also why the Nazis used the gassing methods to kill the Jews. After time this method was not as widely used due to the resilience of the woodchucks and Jews. Thus, this led the killers to use more ruthless techniques.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stanza and third stanza tell how the woodchucks continue to destroy the garden because the cyanide gas was not successful. The speaker tells about the woodchucks taking over the vegetable patch and beheading the carrots. This drives the speaker crazy, therefore taking the violence to another level. The speaker pulls out a gun and puts the ...

Being Organized

ing Natacha Petit-frere Professor Donigan December 1, 2011 Being Organized Many of us are incompatible of being organized. Organization is a skill that must be learned and practice by an individual. It’s a rare person among us who doesn’t feel the need to get more organized. I consider myself fairly organized I show my organization skills by coordinating my clothes by style, color coding sections for my college courses, having a sheet of paper, a calendar and a white board.A lot of us always just throw our clothes in the closet and its always out of order. Especially when pants, shirts and dresses are anywhere. On the other hand, we don’t know exactly where they can be found. This can be terrible when we know what we want to put on but can’t find it. In my closet I have my clothing in coordinating order. I put jackets in the front and pants in the back. The type of color style I use is darks in front and lights in back. Having this type of organization in my closet is very helpful.I’m a visual person, and I find that color-coding sections for my college courses minimizes the time I have to spend looking for them. This works especially well while I’m in class. I dumped every class syllabus into a green folder called class syllabus, and then color-coded every class period blue for paper due, yellow for quiz, red for test, etc. It took awhile to set up, sure, but for the rest of the semester I only had to glance at class syllabus to get a very clear idea of what kind of week I was going to have.Thinking if I didn’t have this type of organization for school I would be kind of stress out. When I’m not in school I’ll be using color-coding for work assignments also. I’ve found that the easiest way to organize days, myself and so forth is a good paper calendar, a sheet of paper that I divide into four sections and a medium sized white board. For my paper the top left section is my actual running to d o list for today. The top right section is my running grocery list, or list of things I must purchase.The bottom left is for notes such as calls I made, individuals I spoke to, and appointment dates. The bottom right is whatever I need to move to another day. If I’m told to call back on Monday, then I note that on the calendar. As for the white board, my family can make notes. Can I borrow some money on Friday? , Grandma called, and I also jot down things that I feel are important to them. My calendar, and the white board are in the same location, so I can transfer short notes if need be.I carry my paper task list with me everywhere, so I can make notes at any given moment. Finally, Whatever electronics or paper you use, make them work for you not the other way around. Does coordinating our clothes really have to stay in color coding order or using a sheet of paper every 5 minutes? Maybe, but I bet you’ll get a whole lot more done if you check it a few times per day. T hat goes for the Blackberry too! After all, there are so many tools, and one to fit everyone and that’s why I’m happy with the organizational system I use.

Utilizing Rubble From Demolition Of Buildings Construction Essay

The devastation of 1000s of edifices during World War II gave the people inquiries about what to make with the debris. It wasn t until the 70 s that the potency of rubble to be recycled was explored. Today, concrete is the most widely used edifice stuff in the universe. We use it for our houses, roads, edifices, Bridgess, and most of our constructions around the universe. Concrete after it s used, is sent straight to be disposed of in our landfills. With a batch of attending traveling into the health of our environment, we recycle points such as paper and plastics, to cut down our impact on the environment. We believe that by recycling concrete, non merely will our impact on the environment be reduced, but its economical advantages are adequate ground to recycle concrete. The intent of this paper is to educate ourselves and the reader about what we can make to cut down our impact on the environment by using rubble from destruction of edifices. Environmental Impact hypertext transfer protocol: //www.torontoenvironment.org/gravel/impacts To pull out virgin sums, we have to delve open-pit mines. The sums are so blasted out or delve out. The most common effects are dust, pollution, noise, deposit. The physical alteration to the environing land causes the most impact. All the flora must be removed doing a loss of wildlife and biodiversity. Improper technology leads to improper drainage which causes eroding. In some instances, H2O used to rinse the sums seep into the land and contaminate land H2O. After a prey is used, it is rehabilitated to be restored to its former status. A survey was done in Ontario and less than half of the land disturbed for aggregative production between 1992 and 2001 has really been rehabilitated. By utilizing recycled sums, we can cut down the demand to mine sums. We can utilize the energy that would otherwise be used for excavation, transporting, and processing, to recycle used concrete from dismantled constructions. Recycling concrete is a great alternate to disposing concrete. The usage of recycled concrete reduces the waste that would otherwise be dumped into landfills. The sum of solid wastes at a municipal landfill is comprised of 23 – 33 % of waste from destruction of edifices. Landfills don t acquire smaller. They will increase in size and cut down land that could be used for residential and commercial utilizations. Economicss of Recycled Concrete Concrete is the most widely used edifice stuff in the universe. Because we are extremely dependent on Concrete is cheaper to recycle than sent to landfills but there are restrictions on economic nest eggs. Location is a large factor when looking at the costs of recycling concrete. Typically, remote countries have really small to no entree to recycling sites raising transit costs. During our research, we found that there is a bound where the cost of haling to a recycling works exceeds the cost of dumping in a local landfill. Here in Lethbridge for illustration, it costs $ 22.25 per metric ton to dispose concrete debris in landfills. The nearest recycling works is in Calgary and would be 100s of dollars to transport the debris. Mobile concrete crushers can be used to recycle but they should merely be used on big undertakings. Portable crushers are non widely available in all parts of the state. In some instances, rental and labour costs would transcend dumping costs. Average trucking cost is $ 0.13/ton/km. Processing costs for the recycler costs between $ 2.76 and $ 6.61 per metric ton. The larger the works, the more efficient and more end product it produces. RCA merchandises sell for between $ 1 and $ 18 per cubic metre, with the higher terminal being in aggregate-poor countries. Natural aggregates usually sell for about $ 8. A large advantage of recycling is that you can bear down disposal fees to companies that want to dispose their concrete debris. The works can order the cost of this fee and compensate for the lower recycled sum monetary values. On the other manus, the cost of recycled concrete depends on market monetary values of virgin sums. Natural sums dominate the markets therefore they dictate the monetary values of RCA. Get downing a concrete recycling concern will necessitate an investing of $ 4.40 to $ 8.80 per metric ton of one-year capacity. USGS ( U.S. Geological Survey ) has done a thorough analysis on the costs of different sizes of recycling workss: Based on their research, a large factor that affects the feasibleness of get downing a recycling works depends on the sum of rubble that can be recycled. When a works is non runing near full capacity, the profitableness of the works reduces. It was found that little recycling workss will hold a tougher clip doing net incomes. Small workss are to a great extent affected by the altering market conditions. But they can increase tipping fees or increase merchandise monetary value to counterbalance for the little net incomes. But in most instances, merchandise pricing is out of control of the manufacturer. On the other manus, medium and big recycling workss are more profitable. Larger operations have lower operating costs ( table 4 ) and do non necessitate a tipping fee to hold a rate of return of 12 % . Uses About all edifices today are partially made of concrete. A large portion of recycling is what the stuff can be used for. There would be no point of recycling if there was no usage for the terminal merchandise. The most common manner of utilizing sum is utilizing it as a bed under roads called a bomber base. The crushed concrete provides extra strength to the foundation of the roadway. RCA can besides be used as pipe bedclothes for belowground public-service corporations such as sewerage and storm pipes. The RCA provides a stable foundation to put the pipes on. A job with utilizing RCA for structural class concrete is that the denseness of the aggregative depends on the denseness of the original concrete. In some instances, the denseness of howitzer reduces the strength of the sum. Typically, a mix of natural sums and recycled sums are used when RCA is used in structural class concrete. It was found that up to 20 % of RCA can be used before the compressive strength of the concrete is reduced. Before it is used in structural class concrete, it should be tested and it should run into certain specifications set by ASTM. Concrete made from RCA is typically used for low-rise edifices but its usage in big edifices is really limited. Recycled concrete is being used for kerb, acmes, pavements, and troughs. The decreased specifications allow the RCA-concrete to be used in constructions that don t require defying heavy tonss. Recycled concrete doesn t needfully hold to be used as an sum. Rubble can and has been reused for other intents in its natural province. Recycled concrete is comparatively inexpensive and abundant which makes it perfect for landscaping. Slabs of concrete can be shaped and used as pavers, while larger pieces can be stacked and laid with howitzer to be used as a retaining wall. Large pieces can besides be used as riprap. The riprap acts as a barrier and absorbs impact from moving ridges to cut down eroding along shorelines. It can protect constructions from harm where H2O eroding is a job. Noise barriers can be built in residential countries along main roads. The noise barrier can be built with RCA or it can be built similar to retaining walls to do it aesthetic. Reasons to Recycle Natural sums are unlimited. So why should we recycle? States like here in Canada have tremendous sums of natural resources. We will ne'er utilize all our resources but the distribution of resources around the universe is different. States like Japan have really limited sums of land. They rely to a great extent on importing natural stuffs. Location is a large factor. Preies can non be built anyplace. They have to be carefully planned and approved by the authorities before they can be built. Remote countries frequently have really small to no entree to raw stuffs so it s more executable to utilize what s already available. With increasing attending towards planetary heating authoritiess are puting ordinances to cut down CO2 emanations. Companies are under a batch of force per unit area to cut down those emanations. Recycling concrete allows us to avoid transit of stuffs which leads to less ingestion of fossil fuels. Recycled concrete has a C footmark 65 % less than tantamount merchandises from quarried rock. ( RMIT Life Cycle Analysis ) . If your company aims to cut down its environmental impact, recycling concrete is a great option. Companies are afraid that utilizing recycled sums will cut down the qualities of their merchandises. Recycling concrete is a reasonably new engineering so companies are disbelieving of its hereafter. When the word recycled is mentioned, it is assumed that the quality is reduced but that is non needfully true. Several research organisations have concluded that with proper mixtures, RCA can surpass natural sums in some ways. Another ground to recycle is because of market conditions. Landfill infinite is going scarce and municipal authoritiess are increasing landfill dumping costs. Recycling allows us to extinguish the landfill cost. In instances where portable workss are used, haling costs are besides eliminated. So non merely are you potentially salvaging money, you are besides cut downing the concrete that goes to landfills. Barriers hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pwri.go.jp/eng/activity/pdf/reports/kawano01.pdf As mentioned before, recycling concrete is new to the industry. Most companies have non been exposed to the new engineering and are still loath to give it a opportunity. It is a known fact that RCA has a lower quality than virgin sums. The quality varies from site to site. You will necessitate a batch of quality control proving to guarantee that the RCA will non cut down the quality of the concrete. This discrepancy in quality does present concerns about the quality of constructions being made. Most companies merely lack the experience with recycling and recycled merchandises. When new building methods are introduced, sufficient cognition is required to accomplish a high quality terminal merchandise. Future of recycling concrete We believe that recycling concrete is the hereafter of the industry. As clip goes, more people will be exposed to this engineering. The benefits far outweigh the disadvantages. It will be widely accepted in the hereafter whether its 5 old ages from now or 20 old ages from now. The procedure When edifices are demolished, much of the left over stuffs are comprised of concrete, wood, and rebar. The procedure begins after the edifice has been demolished. The reclaimable stuffs are trucked to the recycling works or a portable crusher is brought into the site. The chief equipment used is a crusher. The debris is fed into the crusher and the fragments of concrete are crushed into little pieces. The crushed pieces are put on a conveyer belt where it leads to a magnet. The magnet picks up the reinforcing from the crushed stuffs and separates it into its ain heap. Other stuffs such as wood are by and large removed by manus. The merchandise from the magnet is so screened and separated into separate sizes. The crushed debris goes through a screen mesh where desired sizes can fall through while larger pieces can be isolated. Depending on the specifications of sum required, the larger pieces can be sent to a secondary crusher where it can be crushed farther. The crushed pieces are separated into their ain hemorrhoids harmonizing to size. They are stockpiled until they are sold. There are multiple types of crushers to see: * Jaw Crushers comprised of two jaws ; one stationary and one moving. As the concrete moves down the home bases, the concrete is crushed into smaller pieces. The spacing between the undersides of the home bases ensures that merely little pieces make it through. The merchandise ranges between 4 -8 in diameter. These types of crushers can be used as a primary or a secondary crusher. * Impact Crushers Spinning rotors with bars or cocks fling the concrete into a solid home base doing the concrete to disintegrate into smaller pieces. The terminal merchandise is a 2 sum. These types of crushers can be used as a primary or a secondary crusher. * Cone Crushers – Concrete is crushed between two cone shaped home bases. Cone crushers can manage pieces no larger than 8 which makes it suited as a secondary crusher. The location of the undertaking affects the type of recycling workss to be considered. * Stationary workss These are the same as the aggregative workss we see today. They are fixed to one topographic point. The stuff is trucked into the works. Because they are stationary, they have no restrictions on the size of the operations. * Portable Recycling Plants These are by and large put on a human body and towed to the site. It remains stationary on site until it is moved to another location. * Mobile Recycling Plant These are towed to the site like portable recycling workss but they have paths which allow them to travel around the site. The type of works used should be based on the sum of stuff to be recycled and it s location from the nearest works. Stationary workss are more efficient at recycling big sums of concrete due to larger size of operation. Portable and nomadic recycling workss should merely be considered where there is a big distance between the site and the nearest recycling works. Features of Recycled Aggregate Concrete For the mixture design the same procedure is followed as if you would utilize virgin sum. You would hold to travel through test mixtures to acquire the right proportions and to look into the concrete quality. Excess attending should be made on the higher soaking up rate of the recycled sums, which influence would act upon the batch mixture. Blending H2O and workability Because of the high soaking up of the recycled sums more mixing H2O and a higher get downing slack may be needed. Recycled sums absorb H2O even after blending, so to antagonize this, the sum should be pre-wetted in their stock hemorrhoids. Water-cement ratio When get downing it may be assumed that the compressive strength is the same for if you would utilize virgin sum as recycled concrete sum. The recycled concrete should incorporate both class sum and natural sand and the water-cement ratio should be adjusted consequently if the compressive strength is lower than idea at first. Cement content Compared to conventional concrete, in recycled aggregative concrete there should be higher cement content because of the higher fee H2O demands for the recycled sum. Excess 5 % cement would be required when harsh sum and virgin mulcts are used, and an excess 15 % if both coarse and mulct recycled sums are used. Density and air content New concrete will hold a lower denseness runing from 5 % to 15 % . The natural air content might be a small higher so conventional concrete and an air-entraining alloy is added if freeze-thaw lastingness is required. Compressive Resistance The compressive opposition of recycled aggregate-concrete will be lower than that of concrete utilizing natural sums. A survey done by ECCO ( Environmental Council of Concrete Organizations ) concludes that recycled aggregative concrete will hold a 5 % -10 % decrease of compressive opposition. Features of Recycled Concrete Aggregate Gradation When the concrete debris is crushed, the produced sums are screened harmonizing to size. They are so separated to desired step. Like natural sums, they are separated into all right sums or coarse sums. Particle Shape and Size Recycled coarse sum is similar in atom form as crushed rock or natural sums. Fine and coarse sums are more angular which gives them a higher soaking up which lowers the workability of concrete. The sum of all right atoms ( & A ; lt ; 4.75mm in diameter ) is estimated to be 5-20 % of the entire volume of the RCA. Specific Gravity and Absorption The specific gravitation of RCA is much lower compared to natural sums. This is due to the cement and howitzer that held the old concrete together before it was crushed. The SG of RCA ranges from 2.35 to 2.38. The specific gravitation additions as atom size as class atom size lessenings. Te specific gravitation greatly decreases as atom size lessenings. The porous nature of howitzer and cement allows for higher soaking up within the recycled sum. Coarse Aggregates by and large absorb 2 % -6 % of H2O of its volume while all right sums by and large absorb 4 % -8 % of their volume of H2O. Density The majority denseness of recycled concrete is by and large lower than natural sums due to the lower denseness of the howitzer. The denseness of harsh RCA is around 2430 kg/m The denseness of all right RCA is 2310 kg/m Coarse virgin sums have a denseness of 2700 kg/m. Coarse virgin sums have a denseness of 2590 kg/m. The denseness of RCA will change depending on the water/cement ratio and the type of concrete used in the original concrete mixture. Decision The ratio of denseness of the stuff to the denseness of H2O at a specified temperature is defined as the specific gravitation of a stuff. Compressive Strength of original concrete and recycled sum concrete for assorted water/cement and coarse/fine aggregate ratios

How to Prepare Aqua Regia Acid Solution

How to Prepare Aqua Regia Acid Solution Aqua regia is an extremely corrosive mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid, used as an etchant, for some analytical chemistry procedures, and to refine gold. Aqua regia dissolves gold, platinum, and palladium, but not the other noble metals. Heres what you need to know to prepare aqua regia and use it safely.​​ Fast Facts: Aqua Regia Aqua regia is a corrosive acid mixture made by combining nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.The usual ratio of acids is 3 parts hydrochloric acid to 1 part nitric acid.When mixing the acids, it is important to add the nitric acid to the hydrochloric acid and not the other way around.Aqua regia is used to dissolve gold, platinum, and palladium.The acid mixture is unstable, so it is usually prepared in small amounts and used immediately. Reaction to Make Aqua Regia Here is what happens when nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are mixed: HNO3  (aq) 3HCl (aq) → NOCl (g) 2H2O (l) Cl2  (g) Over time, nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) will decompose into chlorine gas and nitric oxide (NO). Nitric acid auto-oxidizes into nitrogen dioxide (NO2): 2NOCl (g) → 2NO (g) Cl2  (g) 2NO (g) O2  (g) → 2NO2(g) Nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and aqua regia are strong acids. Chlorine (Cl2), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are toxic. Aqua Regia Safety Aqua regia preparation involves mixing strong acids. The reaction produces heat and evolves poisonous vapors, so its important to follow safety protocols when making and using this solution: Make and use aqua regia solution inside a fume hood, with the sash down as much as is practical to contain the vapors and protect against injury in case of splashing or glassware breakage.Prepare the minimum volume needed for your application.Make sure your glassware is clean. In particular, you dont want any organic contaminants because they can produce a vigorous or violent reaction. Avoid using any glassware that may be contaminated with a chemical containing a C-H bond. Do not use the finished solution on any material containing an organic.Wear safety goggles.Wear a lab coat.Wear gloves.If you get drops of any of the strong acids on your skin, wipe them off immediately and rinse with lots of water. If you spill acid on clothing, remove it immediately. In the  case of inhalation, move immediately to fresh air. Use the eyewash and seek emergency medical attention in case of eye contact. In the  case of ingestion, rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting.Neutralize any spills with sodium bicarbonate or similar compound. Remember, its best to neutralize a  strong acid with a weak base and not a strong base. Prepare Aqua Regia Solution The usual molar ratio between concentrated  hydrochloric acid and concentrated  nitric acid is HCl:HNO3 of 3:1. Keep in mind, concentrated HCl is about 35%, while concentrated HNO3 is about 65%, so the volume ratio is usually 4 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to 1 part concentrated nitric acid. A typical total final volume for most applications is only 10 milliliters. Its unusual to mix up a large volume of aqua regia.Add the nitric acid to the hydrochloric acid. Do not add hydrochloric to nitric!  The resulting solution with be a fuming red or yellow liquid. It will smell strongly of chlorine (although your fume hood should protect you from this).Dispose of leftover aqua regia by pouring it over a large amount of ice. This mixture may be neutralized with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution or 10% sodium hydroxide. The neutralized solution may then be safely poured down the drain. The exception is used solution that contains heavy metals. A heavy metal-contaminated sol ution needs to be disposed of according to your local regulations. Once you have prepared aqua regia, it should be used when its fresh. Keep the solution in a cool location. Do not store the solution for an extended length of time because it becomes unstable. Never store stoppered aqua regia because pressure build-up could break the container. Another potent acid solution is called chemical piranha. If aqua regia isnt suitable for your needs, piranha solution may be what you need.

Tropic of Cancer - Overview and Geography

Tropic of Cancer - Overview and Geography The Tropic of Cancer is a line of latitude circling the Earth at approximately 23.5Â ° north of the equator. It is the northernmost point on Earth where the suns rays can appear directly overhead at local noon. It is also one of the five major degree measures or circles of latitude dividing the Earth (the others are the Tropic of Capricorn, the equator, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle). The Tropic of Cancer is significant to Earths geography because, in addition to being the northernmost point where the suns rays are directly overhead, it also marks the northern boundary of tropics, which is the region that extends from the equator north to the Tropic of Cancer and south to the Tropic of Capricorn. Some of the Earths largest countries and/or cities are at or near the Tropic of Cancer. For example, the line passes through United States state of Hawaii, portions of Central America, northern Africa, and the Sahara Desert and is near Kolkata, India. It should also be noted that because of the greater amount of land in the Northern Hemisphere, the Tropic of Cancer passes through more cities than the equivalent Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere. Naming of the Tropic of Cancer At the June or summer solstice (around June 21) when the Tropic of Cancer was named, the sun was pointed in the direction of the constellation Cancer, thus giving the new line of latitude the name the Tropic of Cancer. However, because this name was assigned over 2,000 years ago, the sun is no longer in the constellation Cancer. It is instead located in the constellation Taurus today. For most references though, it is easiest to understand the Tropic of Cancer with its latitudinal location of 23.5Â °N. Significance of the Tropic of Cancer In addition to being used to divide the Earth into different parts for navigation and marking the northern boundary of the tropics, the Tropic of Cancer is also significant to the Earths amount of solar insolation and the creation of seasons. Solar insolation is the amount of incoming solar radiation on the Earth. It varies over the Earths surface based on the amount of direct sunlight hitting the equator and tropics and spreads north or south from there. Solar insolation is most at the subsolar point (the point on Earth that is directly beneath the Sun and where the rays hit at 90 degrees to the surface) which migrates annually between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn because of the Earths axial tilt. When the subsolar point is at the Tropic of Cancer, it is during the June solstice and this is when the northern hemisphere receives the most solar insolation. During the June solstice, because the amount of solar insolation is greatest at the Tropic of Cancer, the areas north of the tropic in the northern hemisphere also receive the most solar energy which keeps it warmest and creates summer. In addition, this is also when the areas at latitudes higher than the Arctic Circle receive 24 hours of daylight and no darkness. By contrast, the Antarctic Circle receives 24 hours of darkness and lower latitudes have their winter season because of low solar insolation, less solar energy and lower temperatures. Click here to see a simple map showing the location of the Tropic of Cancer. Reference Wikipedia. (13 June 2010). Tropic of Cancer - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer

MIH521 - Health Program Evaluation Mod 3 Case Assignment Essay

MIH521 - Health Program Evaluation Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay Example This paper will discuss the evaluation issues that may need to be approached for the after school program According to Glasgow, Vogt, & Boles, (1999), there are five dimensions that should be used in evaluating a public health program. Those include reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Each of these dimensions looks at the functionality of an existing program. The reach of the program tells us how many people are able to use the program. This information should tell us whether the program is functioning the way it stands or whether it needs to be increased or decreased in size. We might ask the following questions: This information might be found by looking at local information from school statistics as well as a questionnaire to parents. Logs kept to track patients that have come to the program will also be helpful. Evaluation of the implementation of a program tells us whether we missed anything. Patton defines evaluation as a systematic approach and collection of information about programs characteristics, activities, and outcomes in an effort to improve effectiveness. Is the program being delivered to the public in such a way as was understood in the beginning? It also tells whether the program is effective. This can only be done by reviewing the programs design and goals and see if that is what is really happening. Lastly, like any program, there is maintenance of these programs also. Once a program is out there functioning, it is quite easy to just let it be. Maintaining it means consistently re-evaluating, changing, and putting back in place. This should be a continuous circle. There are a couple of other things that should be looked at and evaluated for new and old programs. Those are the mission and values, the market needs of the program, the clinical and service quality and the financial needs of the