Death of a Salesman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Death of a Salesman - Essay Example Yet, this autobiographical nature should not be considered merely as a means of Arthur Miller relating a story; rather, it has a correlation with respect to the way in which life is understood and represented within middle class America during the time period in question. Miller’s own early life was eerily similar to that of what the reader is made aware of Willy Loman’s life. For instance, Miller grew up in an upper-middle class neighborhood in New York City; the son of Polish Jewish immigrants. Miller’s own father was a successful businessman in a textile mill; which eventually employed 400 individuals. This successful lifestyle enabled the family to enjoy the luxuries of having a new car at a time when cars were still a novelty, attending private schools, and enjoying the occasional vacation. However, the good times would not last as the crash of 1929 and the onset of the Great Depression shattered the family’s bliss. Miller’s father, out of work and out of options sold their home and moved to Gravesend, New York. It was during this time that young Arthur Miller was forced to take a bread route ever morning before school; delivering bread via his bicycle as a means to keep the family afloat. Although it is easy to say that such an experience doubtless had an effect on how Arthur Miller viewed the plight of the average man, this author would go a step further and claim that the hard times and difficult experiences that young Arthur Miller endured during the great depression and his family’s subsequent fall from wealth are autobiographically sketched in his play â€Å"Death of a Salesman†. The approach of this work is concentric upon the fact that the protagonist is ultimately faced with defeat, subsistence, and a form of tacit depression that pervades the entire piece. However, rather than allowing these emotions to be manifest, he continues to cling onto hope that some semblance of normality and/or some hope c an be rescued from this rather pitiful existence by performing the â€Å"adequate† functions of a father and husband. Not surprisingly, his definition of what it means to be a good father or husband only revolves around his ability to generate income and provide for some level of material needs that his family and wife require. Just as with Revolutionary Road, the painstaking day to day travails of the middle class lifestyle were difficult to adjust to. Whereas â€Å"Death of a Salesman† was concentric specifically upon the travails and hardships the Willie Lowman experienced, â€Å"Revolutionary Road† helps to tell a more detailed and nuanced version of the same tale; incorporating the anxt, regret, and frustration that the middle class woman of the era would suffer as well (Revolutionary Road 2008). If one adopts this autobiographical approach to â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, many of the intrinsic lessons and interplay that exists between the family membe rs and Willy Loman help to show the fleeting nature of success and the cold, cruel reality of pervasive failure that crushes the spirit of the entire family. As a means of showing this dichotomy, Willy Loman states, â€Å"Work a lifetime to pay off a house. You finally own it, and there’s nobody to live in it† (Miller 15). Rather than simply relating to the reader how difficult success is to achieve, Miller

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 9

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, does - Essay Example While the intention of the common law duty of care is to protect the aggrieved parties from incurring damages resulting from negligence, the law extends to promote sanity in the relationship of the employer and the employee. Arguably, the duty of care predisposes the human resource departments of various organization tend create organization policies that respect the rights of the employee in order to avoid legal feuds. Many institutions are hesitant to provide information about form students to prospective employers due to the fear of potential legal feuds. The fact that former employer had a direct engagement with the departed employee to a given extent makes him liable to any issue which he disseminate to the prospective employer that might amount to damages. The student or employee is likely to sue or seek legal arbitration in a situation where he or she feels that the former institution violated his or her right by offering certain information that damages his or her identity. U nder the duty of care, defamation is a communication that intends to harm the reputation of the target party so as to limit the ability of the ability of the party to associate with a third party. The law protects offer punitive and compensatory damages for successful defamatory claims. The issue that is contentious in acting as a referee for the university student is the fact that such association might attract legal liability. In some situations, the institution might be willing to provide the confidential information about a former student whom in the institution’s view does not deserve consideration for employment because of his or her conduct. There is no legal provision that dictates that the institution must provide a reference to prospective employers. However, the existing legal obligation provide that universities should exercise due care when compiling a reference report of a student. The institution owes a duty of care to the student to whom such reference informa tion is provided and to the addressee who sought the reference. The employer might sue the University for Negligence if it fails to provide reference information requested about the student (Williams and Zumbansen 2011 pp134). On the other hand, the student might sue the institution if it feels that the information addressed to the addressee violated his or her right. Most institutions feel obligated to respond to request for a reference where reasonably requested for employment or academic purposes (Grace and Gravestock 2008 pp 46). Failure to provide the reference could disadvantage a student application and could be deemed to be discriminatory on grounds of race, sex, disability, or age and be subject to legal action. Some people have failed to secure job opportunity from prospective employers or have faced the sack based on the reference information addressed to the prospectus employer by their former employers. Such outcomes often attract legal suits. In case Spring vs. Guardia n Assurance Plc and Others; HL 7-Jul-1994, the complainant submitted before the court that the reference given by his former employer influenced his sacking. In the reference letter, his former employer indicted that he was a man of little or no integrity. In this case, the opinion of the court held that an employer was liable for negligence and damaging reference given on behalf of the employee. The court noted that a duty of care was owed to the former employee.

The Problems And Issues Of White Collar Crime Criminology Essay

The Problems And Issues Of White Collar Crime Criminology Essay When one ponders on the notion of white-collar and corporate crimes, usually images of massive company takeovers via blackmail and scheming lawyers, for example, spring to mind. Normally, one does not think how this form of crime can in any way relate to street crime in terms of public disturbance. However, white-collar crime can have direct and indirect consequences towards a single person, part of a society and can even span internationally. White-collar crime kept relatively low profile however, and thus it is difficult to pinpoint unhappiness it can cause as surveys focus more on the statistics of regular crime. It is certain that white-collar crime will cause direct and indirect victimization but recognition is needed in identifying its offences; for instance, corruption has a more scattered effect on the population whereas other white-collar offences can have a direct consequence on certain employees. Most offences are gradual and take time to be noticed, environmental crime for example. They lack the instant effect that a burglary or a murder can cause, particularly when it comes to the publics attention. Instead, they affect institutions or commerce where most of the on goings is kept clear from public knowledge. Where there is no direct contact to the victim with no known motive or cause, there is less interest to be generated. Some offences are vague to whom exactly they harm and to whom they benefit. Friedrichs (1996) gives an example that there may be a public advantage in cost savings that results from governmental corruption where companies sell at a lower price to competitors. Eve n counterfeit goods can be seen as beneficial as consumers have a chance to afford designer products which in turn, creates jobs in the counterfeit companys workforce. Of course, the counter argument to this is that the sub-quality goods can be harmful to the public and that employment in genuine companies is in jeopardy (Croall, 1998). And so, much of white-collar victimization is not quite what one may expect as it does not have a direct impact on an individual. Some victims of this form of crime are accused of actually inviting the harm. There are several examples of these willing victims: investors risking their money rather than placing it in say, the safety of a pension scheme. Or perhaps, consumers who willingly buy the counterfeit products that are offered in the market. Or those who willingly choose to work in environmentally unsafe areas in promise of a higher wage. If an accident does occur, it is often the careless workers fault not the company that employs them. Even if a womans breast enhancement surgery goes wrong, she might be blamed simply because she chose to have a surgery for vain, selfish reasons either than medical. These cases rarely provoke sympathy from the court Nevertheless, there is a certain image or myth concerning victimization from white-collar crime. Regulatory law is set up in such a way that Croall (1992) states that consumers, workers and the public be protected from harm which they cannot combat. The consumer is unable to judge how genuine the product is, or if they are buying medicine, how harmful the side effects are. Thus if several people are killed in a workplace, the deaths are put down as something that could not be avoided rather than a companys neglect. In this stereotypical light, the law regarding white-collar crime can be rather skewed and misguided. An organization can be criticized by its misuse of the environment but anything concerning the well-being of the workers it employs is ignored. If a company bus crashes, the deaths of the innocent passengers within will draw the sympathy and not the driver who probably will be blamed for the incident for his or her carelessness. Victimization relating to white-collar crimes completely strays from the term conventional victimology which describes victimization on individual, conventional cases. Instead, it belongs to critical victimology which basically defines victims we cannot see (Walklate 1999). White-collar offences are, practically, invisible Despite all that, white-collar offences are quite capable of causing direct harm to a person and his finally. Trust is automatically lost and there is a sense of betrayal when financial fraud occurs and Levi (1999) states: Fraud lead to broken dreamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦frauds can destroy happiness permanently, just as readily as any other crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Because victims know they have supplied funds or goods voluntarily and because the loss of their financial cushion makes meaningless all their lifelong savings and sacrifices. There is also a sense of betrayed trust when death is involved amongst employees due to a companys negligence. The grief felt is even heavier when the victims body takes some time to be recovered or one who has survived a horrible accident suffers from survivors guilt (Wells 1995). White-collar crime though often seen as indirect, can also cause physical damage to its victims and threaten the safety within ones family home. For instance, counterfeit goods and mass-produced food can be harmful or even tap water which is not properly monitored and/or cleansed. Even ones workplace could not be viewed as safe, say if a worker has strong allergic reactions to the pollen surrounding the area. White-collar victimization is not limited to humans; even the wildlife is threatened from pollution caused by large industries. Corporate crime can even lead to the loss of a quality life within a community. A large industry can easily squash any fine balance within the community, whether it is environmental or economical. Examples of these are waste disposal, noise pollution, drainage in resources and a rise in taxes. Large corporations suddenly settling down in a quite community often and do threaten any local small businesses which used to reside previously. Economic offences caused by white-collar crime are often felt by institutions rather than a single persons misfortune. An institution can suffer from money theft and corruption but sometimes, in order not to lose a grip in the market, the institution will either lower salaries or raise prices to counter this. Even in the name of competition amongst themselves, companies will break rules and spy on each other or go as far as to sabotage each others projects. White-collar crime also spans nationally and even globally. One might think that offences against a form of government might not deal with any victimization, but nonetheless it can indirectly affect individuals, such as increasing tax and decreasing public resources. In this case, it is hard to form any bonds of trust in organizations such as the police force if the latter is set deep into corruption. Globally, currency frauds particularly when it involves the Euro can lead to great losses and/or any frauds concerning public waste disposal and food will inevitably damage public health and safety. Either way, white-collar crime even if it seems impersonal can affect the individual. It is often asked, which individual is affected by white-collar crime and whether social status, gender or age comes into play. It is however, difficult to specify as white-collar crime is vague at best to begin with and crime surveys do not exactly touch that particularly subject as a result. Still, victimization does target several vulnerable groups more than others. There is a difference in victimization where gender is involved, as several feminist criminologists will argue. For instance, any fraud and accidents caused by pharmacy products usually affects the female population. Even in the workforce, women seem more vulnerable simply because they lack the technical expertise and thus render them more open to fraud scams. Even larger cases are schemes involving companies and falsely researched contraceptives which led to birth defects, infection and abortions/miscarriages. This did not stop the companies from distributing their dangerous products to needy, lower-classed countries. Even women seeking to enhance their looks with beauty products can be harmed. And those having breast surgery are not exempt either. In addiction, a wide array of side effects can follow dietary pills; there are 35 recorded deaths in the United States from these pills during the 1970s and 1980s. Products which are not genuine can often contain dangerous ingredients suc h as certain acids which are not labeled down. Corporate crime certainly expands to victimization of women in the workforce, for example Pearce and Tombs (1998) note that 20 million women work in conditions there are toxic risks a rather disturbing figure indeed. Furthermore, many women suffer from sexual harassment during work hours, particularly from their superiors, but are often forced not to seek legal help due to blackmail and fear of losing their jobs. There are many cases where men use their trustful profession of, say, a doctor in order to sexually harass their female patients. Even if white-collar crime does not harm a woman physically, it can still harm her economically. Expensive label products boasting miracle results are released daily, boxed in even more expensive, fancy packaging. These sort of products aim towards the disillusioned housewife who wishes to beautify herself and again the marketing behind the product takes advantage of the assumption that a woman lacks the knowledge in financial matters. Of course, this also boils down to false advertisement; the miracle results that the product claims to achieve are very misleading. More so, the products container is double walled thus containing far less than they should. Illusions of a products results are not just based on make up; salesmen, builders and investors often take advantage of the situation by catching a customer unawares. Despite the fact that victimization seems to be based on gender, women are not the only ones who are targeted by white-collar offences. Men are also in great risk; they can suffer from neglect concerning the rules at highly dangerous workplaces such as an oil rig or a mining tunnel. Still, women are more susceptible to product scams it seems, forever seeking ways to beautify themselves as society dictates them to. Corporate offences do not stop at gender, they continue to differences of age as well; the young and the old who in reality, need to depend upon others. The old are often victims when there is a serious neglect in food rules and regulations and often contract illnesses as a result. And like women, they also avidly spend a fortune on anti-age products which falsely advertise. Both children and the elderly can suffer physical and sexual abuse and usually they cannot complain; the elderly confused with their old age and the children too young to understand the meaning of morals. Most of the times, the old suffer when they are placed in an old peoples home- there, they are frequently neglected, fed unhealthy foods and given the wrong medicine which can be proved fatal. Children fall victim to unsafe toys and students can fall victim to their landlords where they are forced to inhabit an abode which fails all of its safety regulations due to their limited finances. Most famous of all are the pension schemes and home security. The elderly often fear of burglary and this can be taken advantage of selling them alarm systems that are counterfeit. White-collar crime often gives out the misconception that the poorer classes are robbed so that the rich can benefit, however its definition and the cases regarding it are much more complex than that (Van Swaaningen, 1997). Sometimes it is the rich that are targeted, lured into risky investments or those miracle beauty products simply because they believe that they have the money to spend it all. After all, how can a woman of the lower classes be able to afford breast surgery? Then of course, one might argue that that particular woman will probably be forced to buy a counterfeit product just because she could not afford the genuine article. Furthermore, evidence leads to state that the impact of larger scale corporate offences are more scattered; a train accident due to poor engineering and the deaths that follow regardless of social status, age or gender. And yet, one can not ignore how age and gender is significant to victimization. These conflicting discussions are coined by Levi (1995) as a complex moral arena. To further complicate things, it is general knowledge that well-to-do organizations will have an effect on struggling small businesses such as, buying them out or stealing their customers. Or, small businesses will target their poorer customers. Another fact is that it is the poorer consumer that feels the need to buy the cheapest product available and accidents in the workforce are usually workers who are confined to menial labour. Even on a global scale, it is usually a third world country that receives the waste dumping. To put it bluntly, it is the lower classes who feel the effect of corporate crime as they cannot compensate any resources stolen or wasted unlike their richer counterparts. They cannot seek legal advice as confidently as those who are more knowledgeable in matters regarding the market and thus, usually avoid any financial scam in the form of bad investments or dubious pension schemes. In short, those desperate few who lack the necessary information will most likel y be targeted. Unfortunately, white-collar victimization is not even listed in the Criminal Injuries Compensation Board and any other organizations that deal with victim support. There has not been any organized movement in support of this particular victimization (there was a movements in the United States that seemed promising but over exaggerated). This is due to the fact that white-collar crime is not viewed as dramatic and important as normal street-crime victimization; the victims often do not report their grievances, most of their misfortune is viewed as trivial and often blamed upon themselves. Unlike, for instance, victims of abuse, they do not form conferences and unanimously protest. In any event, the only movements that are formed are often associated with the environment or food. There is hope however. A victim does have the right to pursue legal action such as a law suit but sadly, the only time that a group is formed is usually after a large-scale calamity. Still, an organized group has a better chance of actually having something done rather than an individual struggling on his own. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the vast majority of white-collar and corporate crime is certainly not victimless. It is merely neglected as such offences are often not reported and thus it is unable to be proven clearly on a crime survey. It is not seen as something dramatic, unlike a vicious murder and is put in the backburner in favour of conventional criminology. People do suffer from white-collar crime, indirectly and directly and it does affect the standard of living whether it is based on local conditions or expanded over the world.

Heart Actions: Stroke Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Heart Actions: Stroke The cardiovascular system is mainly to pump blood around the body; it supplies fresh oxygenated blood from the lungs to organs around the body and returns it back again. Arteries supply fresh blood and veins return old blood. By one artery or blood vessel being blocked or damaged the flow of blood to the brain will suddenly stop and result of a stroke. Many consequences will come with a stroke but occupational therapy practitioners make stroke patients lives easier to live with purposeful and innovated interventions. Generally speaking, the force required to circulate blood is given by an engine which is housed almost in the middle of the chest: the heart, which is a pump that operates without stopping for a single second. The function of the heart is pumping blood to all parts of the body. The blood picks up oxygen as it passes through the lungs and travels to the heart to be driven to all parts of the body. After traveling through the body, blood runs out of oxygen and is sent back to the heart to pump it to the lungs to pick up more oxygen. This completes the cycle. To push blood through vessels around the body, the heart contracts and relaxes rhythmically. The contraction phase is called systole, which corresponds to the expulsion of blood outside the cavity. This phase is followed by a phase systolic muscle relaxation called diastole, in which there are two stages: a relaxation and a suction to draw the blood into the interior; and it keeps repeating the same course non-stopping. Following this further, there are countless cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular syndromes, conditions and diseases are one of the major causes of disability and death in the world believe it or not, but they... ...006; 19: 84-90. - Krug, G., & McCormack, G. (2009). Occupational therapy:evidence-based interventions for stroke. (106:2 ed., pp. 145-149). Missouri: University of Missouri. - Ma H & Trombly CA. A synthesis of the effects of occupational therapy for persons with stroke, part II: Remediation of impairments. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2002; 56(3): 260-274. - Mediaren Team. (2011, April 02). Media health issues. Retrieved from http://www.mediaren.net/the-stroke-or-brain-attack/index.html - Legg LA, Drummond AE, & Langhorne Occupational therapy for patients with problems in activities of daily living after stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003585. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003583.pub.2 - Texas Heart Institute. (2011, Septe). Texas heart information center. Retrieved from http://texasheart.org/HIC/Anatomy/

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (Cpsc)

First of all we are committed to providing the latest, safest, most purposeful, learning toys. Our first responsibility is to all of children and we take that responsibility very seriously. I'd like you to be aware that one of our most popular products, has recently been clustered with the field of magnetic toys that pose a risk to children. A full understanding of the quality and composition of toys will help our customers make an informed decision in regards to the safety of this product. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, numerous children have been seriously injured after swallowing magnetic toy components. These magnets have been reported to cause significant damage to bodily organs and even death. Magnetic construction toys are incredibly popular (not to mention fun), and I hope that this issue does prove to be very limited in its scope. In the meantime, while other manufacturers work to ensure the safety of their products, parents should show some extra due diligence. Make sure that you are only giving these toys to children who meet the recommended age guidelines (usually 6 and up). As you know the embedded magnets in these older models detach because they are uncapped. The plastic around uncapped magnets looks flat and is at the same level as the magnet. The full surface of the magnet is exposed. The safer capped magnets, which were produced after the recall, are held in by a rim of plastic. This plastic cap rises above the level of the magnet and contains the magnet from above. If a child swallows or inhales more than one detached magnet, the magnets can attach to each other internally, causing potentially fatal intestinal perforations and blockages or serious lung injuries. Emergency surgery is required to remove at last refer to the today’s articles about our product I really concern about the company and ask you to replacing the product on retail shelves. If the CEO didn't pay any attention, what would you do? If my CEO didn’t pay attention to my concerns and warning, refer to the CPSC rules ill report the bad quality of the products. And then try to give some tips for the safety of the children to their parents from the media. Actually ill do as a whistleblower for Mega brands company. What is whistleblower? In US employment law, a whistle blower is an employee who reports illegal activities of the employer. Various acts and statutes afford protection to the whistle blower against employer retaliation. Special whistle blower acts also protect specific groups such as federal government employees and members of the military. Collectively these are called whistle blower laws. From the investors perspective, a credible whistle blower may signal that there are serious management issues at a firm, which could create significant liabilities. The whistle blower, however, is typically protected even if the allegation proves false, as long as the whistle blower believed the reported activity was illegal. Whistle blower claims that come to light must therefore be evaluated with care. The term whistle blower is sometimes written as one word, whistleblower. Refer to Consider the year 2004: In that year, according to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), an estimated 210,300 toy-related injuries were treated in U. S. hospital emergency rooms. Of those, 35 percent (72,800) involved kids under 5. You may want to observe these guidelines when choosing toys, and share them with anyone who may be buying gifts for your children. Defiantly the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) should have more and more power to prevent the companies for produce such a dangerous and deadly toys like this. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) must be very strict about their rules and laws, specifically, before production and manufacture a toy or any hazard instruments and facilities. Before any companies selling their products they should send a sample to CPSC for testing and assurance them of good quality. If any of the products comes out and doesn’t have the standards of CPSC, they should strictly recall the products and fine the company for their anomalistic and non-conventional toys. The penalties should be serious fine, Prevention of production and shutting down he factory. Recalls are a solution of last resort. Once products are in consumers’ homes, few consumers hear about the recall or are able to take the products out of their homes. The better solution is to ensure that products are safe before they reach our stores and our shores. In addition, the CPSC recently released its quarterly historical summary of all recalls. The increase suggests strongly that what the toy industry called â€Å"last year’s problem† remains a big problem, and underscores the urgent need for Congress to finish action on a strong CPSC Reform Act before August recess of this year.

Tina Turner

Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American singer and actress whose career has spanned more than 50 years. She has won numerous awards and her achievements in the rock music genre have earned her the title The Queen of Rock ‘n' Roll.[1][2][3] Turner started out her music career with husband Ike Turner as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.[4] Success followed with a string of hits including â€Å"River Deep, Mountain High† and the 1971 hit â€Å"Proud Mary†. With the publication of her autobiography I, Tina (1986), Turner revealed severe instances of spousal abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split and subsequent 1978 divorce. After virtually disappearing from the music scene for several years following her divorce from Ike Turner, she rebuilt her career, launching a string of hits beginning in 1983 with the single â€Å"Let's Stay Together† and the 1984 release of her fifth solo album Private Dancer. Her musical career led to film roles, beginning with a prominent role as The Acid Queen in the 1975 film Tommy, and an appearance in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. She starred opposite Mel Gibson as Aunty Entity in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome for which she received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture, and her version of the film's theme, â€Å"We Don't Need Another Hero†, was a hit single. She appeared in the 1993 film Last Action Hero. One of the world's most popular entertainers, Turner has been called the most successful female rock artist[5] and was named â€Å"one of the greatest singers of all time† by Rolling Stone.[6] Her albums and singles have sold nearly 180 million copies worldwide.[7][8] She has sold more concert tickets than any other solo music performer in history.[9][10] She is known for her energetic stage presence,[2] powerful vocals, career longevity,[9] and widespread appeal.[11] In 2008, Turner left semi-retirement to embark on her Tina!: 50th Anniversary Tour.[12][13] Turner's tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008-2009.[8] Turner was born a Baptist, but converted to Buddhism and credits the spiritual chants with giving her the strength that she needed to get through the rough times.[14]